Book D: Contactless Communication Protocol

EMV® Contactless Specifications for Payment Systems Book D EMV Contactless Communication Protocol Specification Version 2.6 March 2016

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EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6

Legal Notice

The EMV® Specifications are provided “AS IS” without warranties of any kind, and EMVCo neither assumes nor accepts any liability for any errors or omissions contained in these Specifications. EMVCO DISCLAIMS ALL REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT, AS TO THESE SPECIFICATIONS. EMVCo makes no representations or warranties with respect to intellectual property rights of any third parties in or in relation to the Specifications. EMVCo undertakes no responsibility to determine whether any implementation of the EMV® Specifications may violate, infringe, or otherwise exercise the patent, copyright, trademark, trade secret, know-how, or other intellectual property rights of third parties, and thus any person who implements any part of the EMV® Specifications should consult an intellectual property attorney before any such implementation. Without limiting the foregoing, the Specifications may provide for the use of public key encryption and other technology, which may be the subject matter of patents in several countries. Any party seeking to implement these Specifications is solely responsible for determining whether its activities require a license to any such technology, including for patents on public key encryption technology. EMVCo shall not be liable under any theory for any party’s infringement of any intellectual property rights in connection with the EMV® Specifications. March 2016

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EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 Revision Log – Version 2.6 The following changes have been made to Book D since the publication of Version 2.5. Some of the numbering and cross references in this version have been updated to reflect changes introduced by the published bulletins. The numbering of existing requirements did not change, unless explicitly stated otherwise. Incorporated changes described in the following Specification Updates: Specification Bulletin No. 168: Amended Timing Requirements Specification Bulletin No. 169: Detectable Disturbance Specification Bulletin No. 172: EMD Handling Clarification Specification Bulletin No. 173: PICC Power-on set-up Other editorial changes: Added the sentence "Future versions of this specification may not support this option" to the informative statement of 6.4.1.9a. Split the most significant nibble of the second byte of the ATQA in Table 5.4 into individual RFU bits. Clarified in the last sentence of the informative text in section 9.3 that this specification only includes the technology specific collision detection procedures. Moved the value of tnn in the PICC column of Table A.5 to the centre. March 2016

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Revision Log – Version 2.6 EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6

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EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.7.1 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.7. 2. 2. 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1. 3. 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 3.2. March 2016 Page v

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Contents EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 3.2. 3.2. 3. 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.3. 3. 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.4 3.4. 4. 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1. 4. 4. 4.3. 4.3. 4. 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4. 4. 4. 4.6. 4.6. 4. 4.7.1 4.7.2 4.7.3 4.7. 4.

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EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 Contents 4.8.1 4.8.2 4.8. 4. 4.9. 4.9. 5. 5. 5. 5.3. 5.3. 5. 5.4. 5.4. 5. 5.5. 5.5. 5. 5.6. 5.6. 5. 5.7. 5.7. 6. 6. 6. 6.3. 6.3. 6. 6.4. 6.4. 6. 6.5. 6.5. March 2016

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Contents EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2. 7. 7. 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.2.5 7.2.6 7.2.7 7.2. 8. 8. 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.2.4 8.2. 9. 9.1. 9.1. 9. 9. 9.3.1 9.3.2 9.3. 9. 9.4. 9.4. 9. 9. 10. 10.1.

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EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 Contents 10.1. 10.1. 10.1. 10.1. 10. 10.2. 10.2. 10. 10.3. 10.3. 10.3. 10.3. 10.3. 10.3. A. A. A. A. A. A. B. B. B. March 2016

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Figures EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 Figures Figure 2. Figure 2. Figure 2. Figure 2. Figure 2. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 3. Figure 3. Figure 3. Figure 3. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Page x March 2016

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EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 Figures Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4.33: End of PICC Response (Extended High Phase Change) – Type B...101 Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 9. Figure 9. Figure 9. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 10. Figure C. Figure C. March 2016

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Tables EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 Tables Table 1. Table 1. Table 3. Table 3. Table 3. Table 3. Table 3. Table 3. Table 3. Table 3. Table 3. Table 3. Table 3. Table 3.12: Measurement of Modulation PCD to PICC – Type A (PICC Reception)43 Table 3. Table 3.14: Measurement of PCD to PICC Modulation – Type B (PICC Reception)46 Table 3. Table 3. Table 4. Table 4. Table 4. Table 4. Table 4. Table 5. Table 5. Table 5. Table 5. Table 5. Table 5. Table 5. Table 5. Table 5. Table 5. Table 5. Table 5. Table 5. Table 5.

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EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 Tables Table 5. Table 5. Table 5. Table 5. Table 5. Table 5. Table 6. Table 6. Table 6. Table 6. Table 6. Table 6. Table 6. Table 6. Table 6. Table 6. Table 6. Table 6. Table 6. Table 6. Table 6. Table 6. Table 6. Table 6. Table 6. Table 6. Table 6. Table 6. Table 10. Table 10. Table 10. Table 10. Table 10. Table 10. Table A. Table A. Table A. Table A. Table A. Table A. Table A. Table B. March 2016

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Tables EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 Table B.

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EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 Requirements Requirements Requirements 1. Requirements 3. Requirements 3. Requirements 3. Requirements 3. Requirements 3. Requirements 3. Requirements 3. Requirements 3. Requirements 3. Requirements 3. Requirements 3. Requirements 3. Requirements 3. Requirements 3. Requirements 3. Requirements 3. Requirements 3. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. March 2016

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Requirements EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 Requirements 4.22: FDTA,PICC for WUPA, REQA, SELECT, and ANTICOLLISION.87 Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 4. Requirements 5. Requirements 5. Requirements 5. Requirements 5. Requirements 5. Requirements 5. Requirements 5. Requirements 5. Requirements 5. Requirements 5. Requirements 5. Requirements 5. Requirements 5. Requirements 5. Requirements 5. Requirements 5. Requirements 5. Requirements 5. Requirements 5. Requirements 5. Requirements 5. Requirements 6. Requirements 6. Requirements 6. Requirements 6. Requirements 6. Requirements 6. Requirements 6. Requirements 6. Requirements 6. Requirements 6. Requirements 6. Requirements 6.

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EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 Requirements Requirements 6. Requirements 6. Requirements 6. Requirements 6. Requirements 6. Requirements 6. Requirements 6. Requirements 6. Requirements 6. Requirements 6. Requirements 6.23: Coding and Handling of Param 3 of the ATTRIB Command..150 Requirements 6. Requirements 6. Requirements 6. Requirements 6. Requirements 6. Requirements 7. Requirements 7. Requirements 7. Requirements 7. Requirements 7. Requirements 7. Requirements 7. Requirements 7. Requirements 8. Requirements 8. Requirements 8. Requirements 8. Requirements 8. Requirements 9. Requirements 9. Requirements 9. Requirements 9. Requirements 9. Requirements 9. Requirements 9. Requirements 9. Requirements 9. Requirements 9. Requirements 10. Requirements 10. Requirements 10. March 2016

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Requirements EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 Requirements 10. Requirements 10. Requirements 10. Requirements 10. Requirements 10. Requirements 10. Requirements 10. Requirements 10. Requirements 10. Requirements 10. Requirements 10. Requirements 10.

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EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 1 General This chapter contains information that helps the reader understand and use this specification.

1.1 Scope and Audience This specification, the EMV Contactless Specifications for Payment Systems, EMV Contactless Communication Protocol Specification, describes the minimum functionality required of Proximity Integrated Circuit Cards (PICCs) and Proximity Coupling Devices (PCDs) to ensure correct operation and interoperability independent of the application to be used. PICCs and PCDs may provide additional proprietary functionality and features, but these are beyond the scope of this specification and interoperability cannot be guaranteed. This specification is intended for use by manufacturers of PICCs and PCDs, system designers in payment systems, and financial institution staff responsible for implementing financial applications in PICCs and PCDs.

1.2 Volumes of the Contactless Specifications This specification is part of a multi-volume set: Book A: Architecture and General Requirements Book B: Entry Point Specification Books C-n: Kernel Specifications Book D: Contactless Communication Protocol March 2016

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1 General 1.3 Related Information EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 1.3 Related Information The following EMV documents provide information related to the subjects discussed in this specification. The latest version shall apply unless a publication date is explicitly stated.  EMV Contactless Specifications for Payment Systems – Level 1 – Test Equipment Specifications – PCD Manual  EMV Contactless Specifications for Payment Systems – Level 1 – Test Equipment Specifications – PICC Manual  EMV Contactless Specifications for Payment Systems – Level 1 – Test Equipment Specifications – CMR Manual  EMVCo Type Approval Contactless Terminal Level 1 – Device Test Environment  EMVCo Contactless Symbol Reproduction Guidelines 1.4 Normative

References

The following standards contain provisions that are referenced in this specification. The latest version including all published amendments shall apply unless a publication date is explicitly stated. ISO/IEC 7810 Identification cards – Physical characteristics. ISO/IEC 14443-1 Identification cards – Contactless integrated circuit(s) cards – Proximity cards – Part 1: Physical characteristics. ISO/IEC 14443-2 Identification cards – Contactless integrated circuit(s) cards – Proximity cards – Part 2: Radio frequency power and signal interface. ISO/IEC 14443-3 Identification cards – Contactless integrated circuit(s) cards – Proximity cards – Part 3: Initialization and anticollision. ISO/IEC 14443-4 Identification cards – Contactless integrated circuit(s) cards – Proximity cards – Part 4: Transmission protocol. ISO/IEC 13239 Information technology – Telecommunications and information exchange between systems – High-level data link control (HDLC) procedures.

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EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 1 General 1.5 Acknowledgment 1.5 Acknowledgment Extracts from standards are reproduced on behalf of ISO with the permission of the British Standards Institution under license number 2003SK/099. BSI & ISO publications can be obtained from: BSI Customer Services Phone: E-mail: Address: +44 (0) 20 8996 9001 cservices@bsi-global.com 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL United Kingdom March 2016

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1 General 1.6

Definitions

EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 1.6 Definitions The following terms are used in this specification: Collision Transmission by two or more PICCs in the same PCD energizing field and during the same time period, such that the PCD is unable to distinguish from which PICC the data originated. EMV Contactless Level 1 Test Equipment Equipment for EMV testing, including:  EMV – TEST CMR  EMV – TEST PCD  EMV – TEST PICC Formerly referred to as ‘EMV Reference Equipment’. EMV – TEST CMR A signal switching and conditioning unit for the EMV test bench; formerly referred to as ‘EMV Reference CMR’. EMV – TEST PCD A PCD simulator used for EMV testing; formerly referred to as ‘EMV Reference PCD’. EMV – TEST PICC A PICC simulator used for EMV testing; formerly referred to as ‘EMV Reference PICC’. Modulation index The modulation index of an amplitude modulated signal is defined as: mi = ([A(t)]MAX – [A(t)]MIN) / ([A(t)]MAX + [A(t)]MIN) where A(t) is the envelope of the modulated carrier. Operating Field The magnetic field (HOV) created by the PCD within the Operating Volume. Operating Volume The 3-dimensional space in which the PCD can communicate with a PICC by means of a magnetic field.

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EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 1 General 1.6 Definitions PCD Test Environment Protocol error Proximity IC Card (PICC) Proximity Coupling Device (PCD) Semantic error Syntax error Terminal Time-out error Transmission error Test environment for testing the PCD requirements related to the RF Power and Signal Interface as described in EMVCo Type Approval Contactless Terminal Level 1 – Device Test Environment. A syntax or semantic error. Within these specifications, a PICC is considered to be a consumer token into which integrated circuit(s) and coupling means have been placed and in which communication to such integrated circuit(s) is done by inductive coupling in proximity of a coupling device. The consumer token may be a card of the ID 1 form factor (as defined in ISO/IEC 7810), a key fob, a mobile phone, or another form factor. The peripheral device of the terminal that uses inductive coupling to provide power to the PICC and also to control the data exchange with the PICC. A valid frame with no syntax error is received when it is not expected (Chapters 7, 8, 9 and 10). A valid frame is received with an invalid content: In this case the coding of the command or the block within the frame is not consistent with this specification (Chapters 5, 6 and 10). The device used in conjunction with the PICC at the point of transaction to perform a financial transaction. It incorporates the PCD and may also include other components and interfaces (e.g. host communication). No response has been sent by the PICC within the Frame Waiting Time (FWT). An invalid frame is detected by the receiver: Failure of a parity or CRC check, or determination that any of the signal modulation, the bit coding, the frame format, or the timing are not consistent with this specification (Chapters 3 and 4). March 2016

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1 General 1.7 Notational Conventions EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 1.7 Notational Conventions 1.7.1 Abbreviations The abbreviations listed in Table 1.1 are used in this specification. Abbreviation AC ACK ADC AFI ASK ATQA ATQB ATS ATTRIB BCC BPSK BSI CID CLn CMR CT CRC_A CRC_B D DC EDC EGT EMD EoF EoS Table 1.1: Abbreviations

Description

AntiCollision Positive ACKnowledgement Application Data Coding, Type B Application Family Identifier, Type B Amplitude Shift Keying

Answer

To reQuest, Type A Answer To reQuest, Type B Answer To Select, Type A PICC selection command, Type B UID CLn check byte, Type A Binary Phase Shift Keying British Standards Institution Card IDentifier Cascade Level n, Type A Common Mode Rejection Cascade Tag, Type A Cyclic Redundancy Check error detection code for Type A Cyclic Redundancy Check error detection code for Type B Divisor Direct Current Error Detection Code Extra Guard Time, Type B Electromagnetic Disturbance End of Frame End of Sequence

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EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 1 General 1.7 Notational Conventions Abbreviation etu FDT fc FO fs FSC FSCI FSD FSDI FWI FWT HLTA HLTB IEC INF ISO LSB MBL MBLI MSB NAD NAK n.a. NRZ-L OOK PCB PCD PICC PUPI RATS REQA REQB RF Description Elementary time unit Frame Delay Time Carrier frequency Frame Option, Type B Subcarrier frequency Frame Size for proximity Card Frame Size for proximity Card Integer Frame Size for proximity coupling Device Frame Size for proximity coupling Device Integer Frame Waiting time Integer Frame Waiting Time HaLT command, Type A HaLT command, Type B International Electrotechnical Commission INFormation field International Organization for Standardization Least Significant Bit Maximum Buffer Length Maximum Buffer Length Index Most Significant Bit Node ADdress Negative AcKnowledgement Not Applicable Non-Return to Zero, (L for Level) On-Off Keying Protocol Control Byte Proximity Coupling Device (reader) Proximity IC Card Pseudo-Unique PICC Identifier, Type B REQuest for Answer To Select, Type A REQuest command, Type A REQuest command, Type B Radio Frequency March 2016

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1 General 1.7 Notational Conventions EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 Abbreviation RFU rms SAK SFGI SFGT SEL SoF SoS UID uidn WTX WTXM WUPA WUPB Description Reserved for Future Use Root Mean Square Select AcKnowledge, Type A Start-up Frame Guard time Integer Start-up Frame Guard Time SELect code, Type A Start of Frame Start of Sequence Unique IDentifier, Type A Byte number n of UID, Type A Waiting Time eXtension Waiting Time eXtension Multiplier Wake UP command, Type A Wake UP command, Type B

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EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 1 General 1.7 Notational Conventions 1.7.2 Notations The notations listed in Table 1.2 apply. Notation '0' to '9' and 'A' to 'F' Table 1.2: Notations Description Hexadecimal notation. Values expressed in hexadecimal form are enclosed in straight single quotes (i.e. '_'). For example, 27509 decimal is expressed in hexadecimal as '6B75'. (1001)b Binary notation. Values expressed in binary form are enclosed in brackets (i.e. (_)) and followed by a lower case “b”. For example, '08' hexadecimal is expressed in binary as (00001000)b. […] Optional part. xx Any value. STATE States are written in COURIER FONT to distinguish them from the text. March 2016

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1 General 1.7 Notational Conventions EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 1.7.3 Terminology and Conventions The following words are used often in this specification and have a specific meaning: shall Defines a product or system capability which is mandatory. may Defines a product or system capability which is optional or a statement which is informative only and is out of scope for this specification. should Defines a product or system capability which is recommended. The following conventions apply: Value of Parameters Throughout the specification, symbols are used to identify the values of parameters. The permitted values of the parameters are listed in Annex A and are written in Arial bold to distinguish them in the text. When used to define timings, frequencies, etc., it is the actual value that is intended. For example fc is the actual carrier frequency from the PCD.

Requirement

Numbering Requirements in this specification are uniquely numbered with the number appearing next to each requirement: For example:

5.4.2.1 The PCD shall verify the BCC included in the UID CLn

The PCD shall consider an incorrect BCC as a transmission error. A requirement may have different numbers in different versions of the specifications. Hence, all references to a requirement should include the version of the specification as well as the requirement’s number. Requirements may include informative statements. In this case the statement is written in the italic font and the verb ‘may’ instead of ‘shall’ is used.

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EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 1 General 1.7 Notational Conventions 1.7.4 Reserved for Future Use (RFU) Requirements 1.1: RFU PCD and PICC 1.7.4.1 A bit specified as Reserved for Future Use (RFU) shall be set as specified, or to (0)b if no indication is given. An entity receiving a bit specified as RFU shall ignore such a bit and shall not change its behaviour, unless explicitly stated otherwise.

1.7.4.2 A data field having a value coded on multiple bits or bytes shall not be set to a value specified as RFU. An entity receiving a data field having a value specified as RFU, shall behave as defined by a requirement that specifically addresses the situation, or shall consider it a protocol error if no specific behaviour is defined. March 2016

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1 General 1.7 Notational Conventions EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6

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EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 2

Introduction

This chapter includes an introduction to the EMV Contactless Communication Protocol Specification of the EMV Contactless Specifications for Payment Systems.

2.1 Contactless System The basic components of a contactless system are the contactless reader or Proximity Coupling Device (PCD) and a transponder or Proximity IC Card (PICC). The PCD is an antenna connected to an electronic circuit. The PICC consists of an inductive antenna and an integrated circuit connected to the ends of the antenna. The combination PCD – PICC behaves like a transformer. An alternating current passes through a primary coil (PCD antenna) and creates an electromagnetic field, which induces a current in the secondary coil (PICC antenna). The PICC converts the electromagnetic field (or RF field) transmitted by the PCD into a DC voltage by means of a diode rectifier, and uses the DC voltage to power the PICC’s internal circuits. The configuration and tuning of both antennas determines the coupling efficiency from one device to the other. The PCD and PICC are shown in Figure 2.1. Figure 2.1: PCD and PICC Configuration PCD POWER PICC ELCECIRTCRUOITNIC ELECTRFOIEMLADGNETIC IC DATA The addition of information to an electronic (or optical) signal carrier is called modulation. A signal carrier is characterized by means of its amplitude, phase, and frequency. Therefore, information can be added to the carrier by means of changing one or more of these characteristics. Modulation methods used in this specification are:  Amplitude modulation: The level of the signal carrier is varied over time.  Phase modulation: The flow of the signal carrier is either advanced or delayed temporarily, giving a change in phase. March 2016

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2 Introduction 2.2 EMV Contactless Level 1 Test Equipment EMV Contactless Book D Contactless Comm Protocol v2.6 The RF energy transmitted by the PCD and received by the PICC not only powers up the PICC but is also used to transport the data through modulation of the carrier. The PICC decodes and processes the data and responds to the PCD by means of load modulation. Load modulation is based on the electromagnetic coupling (i.e. mutual inductance) between PICC and PCD similar to the power transfer and communication from PCD to PICC. The PICC changes the current in its antenna. The current variation in the PICC antenna is sensed by the PCD as a small change in the current in its antenna, typically sensed as a small increase in voltage across a resistor in series with the PCD antenna.

2.2 EMV Contactless Level 1 Test Equipment The RF power and signal interface part of the specification is specified in terms of the EMV Contactless Level 1 Test Equipment. EMV Contactless Level 1 Test Equipment consists of an EMV – TEST PCD, an EMV – TEST PICC, and an EMV – TEST CMR (Common Mode Rejection). The purpose of the EMV Contactless Level 1 Test Equipment is to provide a PCD and PICC that cover the variations in contactless technology. A PCD can therefore be checked against the EMV – TEST PICC and a PICC can be checked against the EMV – TEST PCD. There is no requirement to create contactless devices using the architecture, antenna layout, and resonance frequencies used for the EMV – TEST PCD or EMV – TEST PICC. The EMV Contactless Level 1 Test Equipment is put in place to specify an externally observable behaviour. A PCD or PICC with a completely different design, that creates a similar observable behavio